Development Of Eco-friendly Materials Research Articles

Experimental Study on the Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Copper Slag and Spent Fire Bricks with Addition of Coconut Fiber

Abstract: Nowadays, there's associate increasing curiosity within the development of eco-friendly materials. There are number of new by products and waste materials are generated by various industries on a large scale. Concrete prepared with such recycled materials showed enhancement in workability and durability compared to normal concrete and used in the construction of power plants, chemical plants and under-water structures. CS is manufacturing by-product substance formed from the process of manufacturing copper. Bricks come in a variety of varieties because they are a widely used material. Brick aggregate levels are relatively low, and concrete produces excellent results. So it will be better option to use it as substitute or as a recycled material to prevent environment and land degradation, overcoming problem is indeed a need of present time and future also. The extant of destruction can be reduced if sustainability criteria would be considered. The objective of the investigation is to study mechanical properties of concrete, using copper slag, spent fire bricks with addition of coconut fiber percentages compared with the conventional concrete, hence determined the compressive strength, spilt tensile strength and Flexural strength of concrete. All Destructive tests are performed on concrete to check the strength and durability of this concrete at respective as per specified IS Codes. The result shows that concrete workability is fine and within limits after replacing fine aggregates with copper slag, spent fire bricks with addition of coconut fiber. However, workability gets reduced at higher replacement of materials. The strength parameters such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength also increase and show an optimum value at 21&21% fine aggregates replacement and 1.5% Addition of coconut fibers respectively. Test results are satisfactory up to 21&21% and 1.5% replacement. After this, there is a decrease in the strength of concrete.

AGRO-WASTE NATURAL FIBER SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR BIO-COMPOSITES DEVELOPMENT: METHODOLOGICAL INSIGHTS

In today's engineering industries, there is a growing focus on sustainable and eco-friendly products due to their recyclability, abundant availability and property variability. One key aspect of this sustainability effort is the development of eco-friendly materials, particularly bio composites derived from agricultural waste residues. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties as well as suitability of these fibers depend greatly on the methods used for extraction, processing, chemical modification and physical treatments. Understanding these processes comprehensively is essential for obtaining desired natural fibers/fillers from agricultural waste for creating effective bio composites to meet specific application demands. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the various extraction and modification techniques employed for natural fibers. It offers an in-depth review of diverse extraction processes, ranging from the initial harvesting to the decortication stage. It has been revealed that the choice of extraction methodologies depends on climate, water resources, local traditions, and the desired fiber quality. Additionally, the paper explores chemical and physical treatments, highlighting how each method influences the structure and properties of natural fibers. Overall, this review offers practical insights into the steps taken to transform agro-waste biomass into desired natural fiber and in turn biocomposite material, while enhancing product quality and performance.

Polymer composition optimization approach based on feature extraction of bound and free water using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance

As global environmental sustainability becomes increasingly emphasized, the development of eco-friendly materials, including solutions to the issue of marine plastics, is thriving. However, the material parameter space is vast, making efficient search a challenge. Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance offers material property information through the complex T2 relaxation curves resulting from multiple mobilities. In this research, we used the Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence to evaluate the binding state of water (water affinity) in polymers synthesized with various monomer compositions, which were immersed in seawater. We also assessed the T2 relaxation property of the polymers using the magic sandwich echo, double quantum filter, and magic-and-polarization echo filter techniques. We separated the T2 relaxation curves of CPMG into free and bound water for polymers by employing semisupervized nonnegative matrix factorization. By employing the features of separated bound water and polymer properties, a polymer composition optimization method offered crucial factors to monomers through random forests, predicted the components of the polymer using generative topography mapping regression, and determined expected values using Bayesian optimization for polymer composition candidates with the desired high water affinity and high rigidity.

An Experimental Study on the Behavior of Concrete by Using Tobacco Waste Ash and Spent Fire Bricks

Abstract: Nowadays, there is an increasing curiosity within the development of eco-friendly materials. Tobacco waste ash displays properties such as fineness, amorphous form and high silica content and thus needs to be investigated with its potential to show high pozzolanic activity The usage or replacement of fire bricks is periodical in nature in metallurgical based industries. The fire bricks cast out off after use are called as Spent Fire Bricks. The Spent Fire Brick which are the waste should be through properly without causing environmental problematics in the vicinity of dump. Usually the waste materials are cast out by land filling. In the analogous manner the spent fire bricks are also used as land filling material degrading the environment. Certain materials of mineral origin are also added to concrete to enhance their strength and durability properties of concrete materials such as Spent Fire Bricks and other by TWA.

BIO-BASED ELECTROACTIVE COMPOSITE BIOPOLYMER FILMS FROM CASSAVA STARCH / ANACARDIC ACID

The United Nations have established Responsible Consumption and Production as one Sustainable Development Goal. This goal demands strategies for the efficient utilization of natural resources, agro-industrial waste, and the development of eco-friendly materials. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop bio-based films synthesized with anacardic acid (AA) extracted from the Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and starch extracted from cassava. Biopolymer films were synthesized at different pH values with various concentrations of AA. The biopolymer films prepared at basic pH presented higher tensile strength and the addition of AA also contributed to increasing the tensile strength. Infrared spectroscopy allowed the establishment of possible hydrogen bond interaction between AA and the polymeric chain of cassava starch, which could contribute to its higher tensile strength. The degradation rate was not affected by the synthesis pH, but by the presence of AA. Cyclic voltammetry allowed evidence of the electroactivity of glucose and AA in the composite biopolymer films. The results allowed it to conclude that it was possible to obtain a composite biopolymer from thermochemical synthesis with AA and cassava starch. The presence of AA can improve tensile strength, decrease the rate of biodegradability, and improve the electroactivity of the films.

Self-healing polyurethane coatings of eugenol-based polyol incorporated with linseed oil encapsulated cardanol-formaldehyde microcapsules: A sustainable approach

The development of eco-friendly materials is a major challenge tackled by preparing polymers of renewable origin as an alternative to the petroleum sources and by reducing repairing cost via formulating self-healing materials. In this study, cardanol and eugenol are used as renewable-phenols for the formulation of microcapsule based self-healing anticorrosive coatings. Cardanol was used to prepare microcapsules through an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion system, whereas eugenol was utilized for the synthesis of polyester polyol by solvent-less melt condensation polymerization. The structure of polyol was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies, while formation and surface morphology of microcapsules was confirmed by the FE-SEM. The thermal stability of microcapsules stood up to 232 °C as tested by TGA. The prepared microcapsules were dispersed in polyol formulations and crosslinked with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate to obtain self-healing smart PU coatings. The self-healing property of the prepared coatings was observed under FE-SEM. The developed coatings showed good physico-chemical properties such as gloss, crosscut adhesion, flexibility, pencil hardness, and MEK rub test. The corrosion resistance of the formulated self-healing coatings was found to be increased with increase in the quantity of microcapsules as studied by immersion and electrochemical methods.

Evaluation of Long-Lasting Antibacterial Properties and Cytotoxic Behavior of Functionalized Silver-Nanocellulose Composite.

Materials possessing long-term antibacterial behavior and high cytotoxicity are of extreme interest in several applications, from biomedical devices to food packaging. Furthermore, for the safeguard of the human health and the environment, it is also stringent keeping in mind the need to gather good functional performances with the development of ecofriendly materials and processes. In this study, we propose a green fabrication method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles supported on oxidized nanocellulose (ONCs), acting as both template and reducing agent. The complete structural and morphological characterization shows that well-dispersed and crystalline Ag nanoparticles of about 10–20 nm were obtained in the cellulose matrix. The antibacterial properties of Ag-nanocomposites (Ag–ONCs) were evaluated through specific Agar diffusion tests against E. coli bacteria, and the results clearly demonstrate that Ag–ONCs possess high long-lasting antibacterial behavior, retained up to 85% growth bacteria inhibition, even after 30 days of incubation. Finally, cell viability assays reveal that Ag-ONCs show a significant cytotoxicity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

옻칠 한지의 친환경 소재 개발에 관한 연구 -패션소품 핸드백 디자인을 중심으로-

옻칠 한지의 친환경 소재 개발에 관한 연구 -패션소품 핸드백 디자인을 중심으로-

Design and Development of Bismuth Ferrite Based Environmental Friendly Multiferroic for Devices

Abstract Recently, researches are mainly focussed on the development of eco-friendly materials for multifunctional devices. In the present communication, synthesis and detailed characterization of Bi(Ni0.30Ti0.30Fe0.40)O3 multiferroic material has been reported. This compound has been synthesized via a cost-effective (solid-state reaction or mixed oxide) technique in air atmosphere. Based on the analysis of X-ray diffraction data (collected on powder sample) crystal system, unit cell dimension and crystallite (particle) size of material were determined. The calculated particle size of the material is in the range of 28 to 52 nm. Analysis of the field emission scanning electron micrograph (FE-SEM) depicts uniform distribution of grains of varying dimension. Furthermore, the correlation between dielectric and impedance parameters is established using experimental data collected by a phase sensitive multimeter at various temperature and frequency. The impedance spectroscopic studies are performed in a broad range of temperature (300–780 K) and ac field frequencies (103 –106 Hz). As a result, the addition of Ni (nickel) and Ti (titanium) at the Fe (iron) site of BiFeO3 enhances electrical as well as multiferroic properties of the material.

Mechanical behaviour of steel fiber reinforced concrete with stone powder

ABSTRACT Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the development of eco-friendly materials. Thus, environmental challenges due to the necessity of reducing worldwide levels of CO2 emissions, to limit the energy consumption and to use industrial waste are promoting an increasing effort to find viable alternatives to minimize pollution from the main productive processes. Thus, this paper addresses the results of an investigation on the influence of stone powder, residue from the production of crushed aggregates, on the mechanical performance of concrete reinforced with steel fibers. The effect of the amount of stone powder sand was evaluated using 0%, 50% and 100% natural sand replacement. Workability and mechanical properties were evaluated by compressive, elastic modulus, four-point bending and abrasion tests. Economic impact study of the composite production was also carried out. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the use of crushed stone sand in steel fiber reinforced concrete is beneficial in terms of the workability and abrasion resistance but was some disadvantages. For instance, when 100% manufactured sand was added, the compressive and bending strength was reduced. However, the elastic modulus was not changed. It is also important to highlight that with 100% stone powder content, the compressive strength is still higher than 30MPa and the cost for producing is about of 32% cheaper.

Modulating the microstructure of waterborne polyurethanes for preparation of environmentally friendly nanocomposites by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals

Increasing environmental awareness has promoted development of ecofriendly materials incorporating renewable raw materials and using green synthesis routes such as waterborne dispersion, avoiding employment of organic solvents and thus reducing generation of volatile organic compounds. In this regard, waterborne polyurethanes (WBPU) present an opportunity to tailor material properties while meeting application requirements and avoiding use of organic solvents. In addition, WBPU dispersions offer the possibility to incorporate hydrophilic water-dispersible reinforcement materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), which represent a suitable candidate for preparation of nanocomposites due to their renewability, availability, and unique properties resulting from their nanoscale dimension. Therefore, in this work, different WBPU having small particle size with narrow distribution were synthesized at various isocyanate/hydroxyl (NCO/OH) group ratios, and CNC were isolated for preparation of nanocomposites with 1, 3, or 5 wt% CNC by solvent casting. It was observed that, just by varying the NCO/OH ratio, the polyurethane microstructure was altered, resulting in different ordered structures. At low NCO/OH ratio, soft ordered domains were observed, whereas at higher NCO/OH ratio, hard ordered domains were obtained. These different microstructures of the matrix induced different behaviors of the CNC reinforcement, acting either as crystal growth inhibitor or nucleating agent, thereby modulating the properties of the final material in different ways.

Studying of Innovative Qualities at Experts in the Field of Production and Use of Eco-Friendly Construction Materials

The modern industry lets out a huge amount of construction materials. Some of them have the limited sphere of use because of distinctions in technical, operational and ecological characteristics. Technological innovations in construction lead to creation of new materials and their introduction in construction production. Development of eco-friendly materials requires the high level of creativity. And commitment is necessary for introduction of this innovation in production and advances in the market. She allows to make the most qualitative and effective decisions on selection of materials. In the manuscript results of research of innovative qualities at the students studying "Production and use of construction materials" are stated. The increased level of innovative activity is revealed. Communication between innovative activity and creativity is confirmed. It is shown that too high creativity reduces commitment. Therefore when training students in the field of innovative materials for buildings and constructions, and first of all, eco-friendly materials, it is necessary to place emphasis on commitment development.

Flax and hemp fibre reinforced pozzolanic matrix: evaluation of impact of time and natural weathering

Environmental issues have led to new research into the development of eco-friendly materials. For building materials, plant fibre reinforced matrix is one of the rising innovative solutions. In this paper, the benefits of reinforcing a pozzolanic matrix with flax and hemp fibres and the impact of time and environmental conditions are presented. The mechanical behaviour of the composites was studied in a bending test over 1 year. Two exposure conditions were studied: controlled conditions and natural outdoor weathering. SEM observation coupled with EDS analysis was used to complete the results with the physicochemical interaction between plant fibres and the mineral matrix.

群馬大学ファイブロバイオプロセス研究会の紹介とβシート構造たんぱく質からの素材開発

群馬大学ファイブロバイオプロセス研究会の紹介とβシート構造たんぱく質からの素材開発

토사재해 대응기술 분야의 특허동향 분석 연구

토사재해 대응기술 분야에 대하여 미래의 연구개발 방향을 예측하기 위해 한국, 미국 일본 및 유럽에서 출원 공개된 특허를 대상으로 특허동향을 분석하였다. 포트폴리오 분석결과, 한국의 토사재해 대응기술에 대한 출원은 지속적으로 상승하고 있으나 다른 국가에 비해 시기적으로는 뒤쳐져 있는 것으로 나타났다. 국가별 기술수준을 분석한 결과 조사 및 감지기술 분야의 경우 한국과 미국은 성장기 단계이며 일본은 쇠퇴기 단계로 분석되었다. 구조적 대응 및 안정화기술 분야의 경우 한국은 전반적으로 성장기 단계이며 일본은 쇠퇴기 단계로 분석되었다. 공백기술을 통해 향후 연구개발 방향을 분석한 결과, 토사재해 매커니즘에 대한 표준화된 분석기술, ICT 분야와의 연계기술, 친환경 재료 개발 및 시설물의 성능평가 기술이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. The patents trends registered in korea, the USA, Japan and Europe were analyzed to forecast the direction of R&D for the technology of sediment disaster. As a result of portfolio analysis, the number of patents in Korea have continued to rise, but have been placed behind the other countries. The level of technology of each country was investigated. In the survey technology and sensing technology, the Korean and USA situations were classified as a period of growth, and the Japanese situation was classified as a period of decline. In the control technology and protection technology, Korean situation was classified as a period of growth, and the Japanese situation was classified as a period of decline. As a result of analysis for a direction of R&D using blank technologies, standardization of analysis technologies for mechanism, fusion techniques between ICT and conventional techniques, development of eco-friendly materials and evaluation of structure should be developed by R&D in Korea.